We had a long conversation on the LINK Lab Slack about this. People tend to treat digital/online as “less” that F2F, when in reality its just a different (ever changing) set of affordances. In some ways, we can say that the Clark/Kozma debate has implications beyond student achievement. Do we believe that media changes the message, or that different modalities have varying affordances.

A lot of what you say ties in with Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory – a theory that I have long advocated for inclusion in instructional design methods. SCT has been a foundation of many of my recent posts and evolution on dual-layer design. So all of that to say, I would agree with you that this almost seems a fact 🙂